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【wiki】英语语法_入门_崔荣容

RWYQ阿伟1年前 (2022-10-20)默认4430

非谓语动词

非谓语动词

  (1)动词不定式: to + 动词原形

  可以做主语、宾语、宾补,表语和状语

  主语:

  1.To get there by bike will take us an hour.

  宾语

  2.The driver failed to see the car in time.

  宾补

  3.We believe him to be guilty.

  定语

  4.The next train to arrive is from Seoul.首尔

  表语和状语

  5.My suggestion is to put off the meeting.

  6.I come here only to say goodbye to you.


  (2)动词原形 + ing 可做名词,具有动词的特征和变化形式,但在句子中的用法功能类同名词:

  在句子中可以做主语、表语、定语。也可以被副词修饰或者支配宾语。

  1.Reading is an art.

  2.They went on walking and never stopped talking.

  3.Your task is quickly cleaning the windows.

  4.This is a reading room.

练习

  1.(To finish the work) will take us an hour. 完成这项工作

  2.I come here (to say goodbye to you). 和你告别

  3.(Talking) is an art. 说话


假主语/真主语 不定式/动名词的否定式

  (1)to不定式或动名词可以在主语的位置上,但一般用it代替他作形式主语,这种情况it叫形式主语。

  1.It’s a great honor to be invited.

  2.It is no use crying over split milk.


  (2)在宾语的位置上,用it代替它作形式宾语,这种情况it叫形式宾语。

  1.We think it important to learn English.

  2.I found it pleasant walking in the park.


  (3)对动名词或不定式进行否定时,前面加not

  1.He pretended not to see her.

  2.He regrets not joining them.

练习

  1.It is no use (crying) over split milk.

  2.We think it important (to learn) English.

  3.He pretended (not to see) her.


to不定式表示目的

  (1)in order to + 动词,表示目的。

  (2)so as to + 动词,表示目的

  (3)in order to 引导的目的状语,置于句首,句尾均可。

  so as to 引导的目的状语,只能置于句尾

  1.I’ve written it down in order to remember it.

  2.He shouted and waved so as to be noticed.

  (4)它们的否定形式在to前加not

  1.I’ve writeen it down in order not to forget it.

  2.He said nothing so as not to be noticed.

练习

  1.He gets up early (in order to) arrive at school on time.

  2.He wrote it down (in order not to) forget it.


常见的不定式动名词结构

  (1)too to:太……以至于不能

  The room is to small to live.

  (2)enough + n + to + V / adj + enough + to + v:足够……可以……

  There is enough food to eat.

  The box is big enough to contain six apples.

  (3)on -ing:一……就……

  On seeing the snake, the girl was very frightened.

  (4)There is no hope of -ing:没希望做某事。

  There is no hope of seeing him.

  (5)fell like -ing : 想要……

  I feel like eating ice cream now.

  (6)have a hard time -ing:做……很困难。

  They have a hard time solving the problem themselves.

练习

  1.There are enough books (to read).

  2.I feel like (drinking) voffee now.

  3.The room is too small (to live).


现在分词/过去分词,分词句

  (1)v + ing 称为动名词,也可称为现在分词。

  Writing books is his job.

  He is writing a book.

  (2)动词p.p.形式可称为动词的过去分词,用在完成时语态和被动语态中。

  He has written the homework.

  The homework is written.

  (3)分词句是包含现在分词和过去分词的分句。

  The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking.

  Accompanied by his friend, he went to the railway station.

  过去分词表达过去和被动,现在分词表进行。

练习

  1.He likes (drinking) coffee.

  2.The door (was locked).

  3.(Given) better attention, the plants could grow better.


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